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Apologia Advanced Biology Module 16
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What hormones govern the menstrual cycle and what do they do?
1.FSH-stimulates the growth of a follicle containing the egg, 3. Estrogen (Oestradiol) 4, progesterone
What are Leydig cells?
The interstitial cells that secrete testosterone.
In oogenesis, how many eggs are formed from one oogonium?
Only 1, and 3 polar bodies which die away.
Of the forms of birth control, (chemical, barrier, spermicides, IUD) what is the significant issue with and IUD?
fertilization occurs, but implantation is prevented. (this is also a problem with some forms of chemical birth control)
Which stages of development are completed before the embryo enters the uterus?
zygote, cleavage and morula
What is the order of of the stages of development? (cleavage, zygote, gastrula, neurula, blastula, morula)
zygote, cleavage, morula, blastula, gastrula, neurula
Which ovarian hormone dominates the luteal phase?
Progesterone
The amount of LH and FSH are decreasing. has ovulation occurred?
Yes, FSH and LH decrease in the Luteal stage in a nonpregnant sycle
So the egg and the sperm contribute equal amounts of cytoplasm?
No, The cell contributes virtually all the cytoplasm
Do the sperm and the egg contribute equal amounts of genetic material.
yes, but only the ovum contributes mitochondrial DNA
What are sertoli cells?
nursemaid cells. they are found in the seminiferous tubules and support and nourish the cells performing spermatogenesis
What are the testes outside the abdominal cavity?
Spermatogenesis can't occur at 98.6° F, it needs to be 93.2° F
What does fetus mean?
Young one
What is organogenesis?
The formation of organs in a developing fetus
What is implantation in reproduction?
burrowing of the blastocyst into the endometrium
What is menses?
Periodic shedding of the uterine endometrium : blood, vaginal fluid, and the cells and fluid of the late secretory phase to be shed from the vagina
What is lactation?
The process by which a female mammal produces and secretes milk to feed her young
What is menopause?
The last menstruation: after which a woman no longer ovulates and is not longer fertile
What is ovulation?
The release of a mature oocyte from a mature follicle
What is oogenesis?
The production of a haploid germ sell by the ovaries
What is catabolism?
All of the decomposition reactions that occur in the body
What is anabolism?
all of the synthesis reactions in the body
What is puberty?
A series of events that transform a child into a sexually mature adult
What are the secondary sex characteristics? ( in general)
The characteristics that appear during puberty and tend to distinguish men from women
What is semen?
a mixture of sperm and the secretions of the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland.
What is coitus?
Sexual intercourse
What is spermatogenesis?
The process by which sperm form in the seminiferous tubule
How many eggs does a woman have when she is born?
1 million


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