Teachers' roles

Evaluating learners’ performance, behaviour, effort and contribution; checking understanding; testing learner progress and level; providing feedback on work, progress, behaviour and contribution

Personalising, contextualising, eliciting, clarifying, explaining, modelling language; correcting learner language; consolidating learner language; providing language input

Controlling the group dynamic; deciding on interaction patterns; demonstrating tasks and activities; developing rapport; encouraging learners; giving instructions; motivating learners; praising learners...

Giving learners advice on difficulties they may have outside of their language classroom; showing understanding of issues learners may bring to the classroom from outside

Evaluating learners’ needs and difficulties

Observing and collecting information about learner performance, behaviour, contribution and effort and progress; keeping a written record of learners’ work

Anticipating problems; deciding on a methodology for lessons; designing and adapting texts and materials; preparing texts and tasks for learners; selecting materials and texts for lessons

Telling stories and telling learners about things that have happened

Putting forward ideas or information other than language, e.g. participating in discussions

Thinking about his/her performance; thinking about learners’ progress

Developing learner autonomy; enabling learners to fulfil their potential; helping learners to access resources; providing opportunities for individual learning