participles grammar rules

We all praised the cake (the cake was baked by my mother).

Past Participle form

Perfect Participle form

____ (want) to catch up with old friends, Mary organised a Sunday brunch.

Correct mistakes if necessary: Not having felt sure about my speaking skills, I said hardly anything at all.

Present Participle form

replace a sentence with a verb in the passive voice

with the verbs catch and find

two actions at the same time

with the verbs catch and find

When I had lost some weight I was able to fit into my old suit. ____, I was able to fit into my old suit.

with the verbs speand and waste

it can be used in the same way as a simple passive relative clause

The old woman sat at the bedroom window and watched people walk by. ______, the old woman watched people walk by.

He was working on a complex project and he was extremely stressed. _________ he was extremely stressed.

emphasise that an action was previous to another , these clauses are commonly used to express the cause of a second action

explain a reason

it can follow prepositions or conjunctions: after, before, instead of,without,when,while, etc.