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DNA and RNA Chemical Structure and Function
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What are ribosomes? What chemicals do they need to do their job?
Ribosomes are tiny organelles that assemble proteins. To do their job, they must have instructions in the form of mRNA along with amino acids.
In the picture above, one of the nitrogenous bases has been knocked out by ultraviolet radiation. What is the consequence of this?
The original DNA sequence has been altered. You can call this a mutation. This will affect how mRNA is made and how a protein is made.
What are amino acids? What do they have to do with DNA?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. DNA provides the instructions to assemble them into the correct sequence to make a protein.
What is Messenger RNA?
A single-stranded copy of a specific part of the DNA blueprint. It is used by ribsomes to make proteins.
What is a gene in DNA?
A gene is a small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.
Where can you find DNA in a chromosome?
DNA is located along the entire length of the chromosome and stuffed in between proteins called histone proteins.
Can you name two organelles in a eukarytic cell that contain DNA?
Both the nucleus and the mitochondria contain DNA
What does an RNA nucleotide consist of?
A ribose sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
What does a DNA nucleotide consist of?
A deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
Notice how one strand of DNA appears upside down as it bonds with the other. What do we call this molecular arrangement in DNA strands?
Antiparallel
What would be a complementary DNA strand to the bases AATTGGCC
TTAACCGG
In a RNA molecules Uracil takes the place of ___________.
Thymine
True of False: Uracil is a nitrogenous base found in DNA.
False: Uracil is only found in RNA
Guanine always base pairs with (or hydrogen bonds to) ______________.
Cytosine
Adenine always base pairs with (or hydrogen bonds to) _______________.
Thymine
Can you name two purines?
Adenine and Guanine
Choose letter A, B, C or D. Which chemical is a nitrogenous base?
Chemical C is the nitrogenous base
Can you name the three nitrogenous bases that qualify as pyrimidines
Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil
What is this chemical and what does it do for DNA and RNA?
A phosphate. This chemical bonds the sugar molecules together in the molecules' backbones.
What is the name of the sugar found in a DNA molecule?
Deoxyribose


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