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Combined and Co-ordinated Sciences (Chemistry 2)
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Which word means "capable of reacting as either an acid or a base"?
amphoteric (or amphiprotic)
What does amphoteric mean?
capable of reacting as either an acid or a base
What kind of reaction is H+(aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O(l)
neutralization
Why is water neutral?
Concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal.
Alkali solutions have an excess of ______ ions.
OH-
Salts are produced when the hydrogen in the acid is replaced by a ______?
metal
Do all metal oxides dissolve in water? What pH solutions do they form?
no; usually alkaline
a molecule or ion that is able to donate a proton
an acid
a molecule or ion that is able to accept a proton
a base
What is another way to describe a hydrogen ion (H+)?
a proton
Insoluble salts like barium sulfate and silver chloride are not crystallized, but instead produced by ionic p____________.
precipitation
How can we test a gas to see if it is CO2?
Pass it through limewater. If it turns cloudy, it is carbon dioxide.
How can we test for carbonates?
If it reacts with an acid to produce a gas (CO2) it indicates carbonates.
Explain the normal method of preparing carbon dioxide in the lab.
Dilute hydrochloric acid is reacted with marble chips (calcium carbonate).
Summarize the reaction of acids with carbonates.
acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
What is the chemical name for marble?
calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Which metals produce hydrogen in unsafe reactions with acids?
very reactive metals like sodium or calcium
What salt is made with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and nitric acid (HNO3)?
potassium nitrate (KNO3)
What salt is made with sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)?
sodium sulfate (Na2SO4)
What salt is made with copper oxide and hydrochloric acid?
copper chloride (CuCl2)
What are the products of the reaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?
sodium chloride and water
Summarize the reaction of an acid with a base.
acid + base -> salt + water
What are the products of magnesium reacting with nitric acid (2)HNO3(aq)?
Mg(NO3)2(aq) + H2(g)
What are the products of a metal reacting with an acid?
salt + hydrogen
Arrange the metals from most reactive to least reactive: lead, calcium, copper
calcium, lead, copper
Which of the four is the weakest alkali? (caustic soda, caustic potash, ammonia, limewater)
ammonia
What is created when a metal takes the place of the hydrogen in an acid?
a salt
When an acid reacts with a reactive metal, a metal carbonate, or a base, it will produce...
a salt
Name the three reactions in which all acids take part. An acid can react with...
(1) a reactive metal (2) a base (3) a metal carbonate or metal hydrogencarbonate


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