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Combined and Co-ordinated Sciences (Chemistry)
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What do factories have to spray acidic waste with jets of slaked lime before the gases leave the chimneys?
a flue-gas desulfurizer
A flue-gas desulfurizer reduces emissions of what gas?
sulfur dioxide
What substance has the formula NH3?
ammonia
What is the formula for ammonia?
NH3
Alkalis feel _____ to the skin (They convert the oils in your skin into _______).
soapy/soap
What is the formula for limewater?
CaOH (calcium hydroxide)
What is KOH?
caustic potash (potassium hydroxide)
What is the formula for caustic potash?
KOH (used in making soap)
What is the formula for lye (caustic soda)?
NaOH (used in making paper, soaps, and in cleaners)
What is NaOH?
sodium hydroxide (lye)
Which letter is bases and which letter is alkalis?
A is alkalis. B is bases.
Most bases are insoluble in water. Name a common alkali, a base that IS soluble.
sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide (limewater), ammonia (ammonium hydroxide)
What do ALL metal oxides and hydroxides do?
They all neutralize acids, whether soluble or not. They are bases.
Why might someone swallow the insoluble magnesium hydroxide?
It is an antacid.
Why are these hydrangea flowers different colors?
Each one is a pH indicator.
Name one of the substances commonly referred to as "lime".
calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate=limestone, or chalk
How can excessively alkaline soil be handled?
Add peat, compost or manure
How can excessively acidic soil be dealt with?
It can be neutralized with lime (calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate=limestone, or chalk).
Each plant grows best in certain pH soils. Which prefers more acidic soil, potatoes or onion?
potatoes (prefer 4.5-6.0, whereas onions prefer 6.0-7.5)
What kind of reaction occurs when an acid is mixed with a base?
a neutralization reaction
How can we summarize a neutralization reaction?
acid + base -> salt + water
What do you call a base that is soluble in water?
an alkali
The atmosphere is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Name the next three most common gases.
argon (.9%) carbon dioxide (.04%) neon (.002%)...water vapor also OK (0%-3%)
Which gas fills bags of chips and snacks to make sure the food doesn't go rancid from exposure to oxygen?
nitrogen
Which gas is used in the Haber process to manufacture ammonia and fertilizers?
nitrogen


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