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Explain the relationship between protons and electrons in an atom
In atoms the number of protons and electrons are always the same to keep their electric charge neutral.
Define atomic number and atomic mass and show how to identify them.
To find atomic mass we measure the amount of protons + neutrons To find atomic number we have to know the amount of protons (NEUTRAL ATOMS=NUMBER OF ELECTRONS)
Describe and state their charges and mass for: ELECTRONS
ELECTRONS are negatively electrically charged and their mass is about 1800x smaller than the one from the proton which we will treat as 0.
Describe and state their charges and mass for: NEUTRONS
NEUTRONS have no electric charge and their mass is very close to the one from the proton, which by our needs can just be considered the same, 1u.
Describe and state their charges and mass for: PROTONS
PROTONS are positively electrically charged and have mass of 1u (atomic mass unit)
Describe the following methods: fractional distillation
.
Describe the following methods: Simple Distillation
The mixture is heated until boiling point, the gaseous component is then condensed into its liquid state giving out an almost pure substance.
Describe the following methods: Evaporation
Evaporation is a procedure to remove the volatile component of a homogenous mixture by vaporizing the liquid. For ex. Salt solution.
Describe the following methods: Crystallisation
In this process you will heat up a solution until the point in which the solvent evaporates making the solute to attain high concentration
Describe the following methods: Filtration
This process consists on running a mixture of solid and liquid through a paper filter and separate both
Describe how melting and boiling points of impure substances will be affected by the different concentrations of impurities.
The melting point will decrease and the boiling point will increase the impurities there are in a mixture.
Define purity of a substance:
Pure substances are substances that are made up of only one kind of particles and has a fixed or constant structure.
How does temperature affect diffusion of gaseous substances?
Diffusion is faster at higher temperatures because the gas molecules have greater kinetic energy, because of that, they move faster.
How can solutes dissolve faster in solvents?
decreasing the particle size of the solid, increasing the temperature and/or increasing the mixing or stirring rate.
What is Concentration, in a substance?
concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a defined space.
What is Volatile?
Is something that evaporates easily at normal temperatures.
What is Insoluble?
when the material cannot dissolve in a solvent.
Describe Solute, solvent and Solution? With examples.
solutes can be liquids or solids. Solvents are always liquids. So solution is when you mix a solute and a solvent.
Tell the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture?
homogeneous mixture - when you cant see the difference Heterogeneous - when you can see the difference.


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