What are the two ways of responding to the atmosphere of a retail environment?
Approach (positive responses) or avoidance (negative responses)
Turley and Milliman grouped atmosphere variables into five categories. Name three.
External variables, general interior variables, layout and design, point of purchase and decoration, human
What is the difference between Friedman's macro casino design and Krane's playground model
Friedman's has the machines as a prominent feature whereas Krane suggested a more familiar, pleasing environment e.g. sunlight and green space
What was concluded to be the best store interior layout for grocery stores (Vrechopolous et al., 2004)?
grid layout as easiest to use
What was the aim of North et al. (2003)?
To investigate the effect of musical style on the amount of money customers spent in a restaurant
What were the three musical conditions in North et al's research into music in restaurants?
Classical, Pop, No music
What was found in Geuguen et al.'s (2007) research into music in open air markets?
When music played customers stayed longer but did not necessarily spend more
What can be concluded about background noise and food perception?
background sound unrelated to food diminishes gustatory food properties saltiness, sweetness but enhances crunchiness
What is the pleasure-arousal model?
Mood is a mediating factor between environmental cues and behabiour
What type of lighting contributes to an exclusive brand image
high level of illumination, with light coloured, highly reflective colour scheme
What type of scent was used in Chebat and Michon's (2003) research?
citrus
What is a cognitive map?
internal representation of an external graphical reality - mental map of physical environment
What is meant by crowding?
the subjective experience of density
In what type of store would crowding not be related to customer satisfaction?
Discount store
Name two common menu mistakes
hard to read, overemphasising price, monotonous design, poor use of space, incongruent, too big
What is the average time spent reading a menu?
109 seconds
