Share chapter 8
Save to Folder
Distinguish catabolism from anabolism.
anabolism is the building up of molecules, releases H2O, endergonic; catabolism breaks down molecules, uses H2O(hydrolytic), exergonic
How is ATP an intermediate between catabolism and anabolism?
Catabolic reactions are coupled to produce energy to attach a phosphate to ADP and make ATP. anabolic reactions require the energy from the ATP's phosphate bond
Identify the components of an enzyme.
enzymes consist of a protein portion called the apoenzyme, and a non-protein portion called a co factor.
Describe the mechanism of enzymatic action.
enzyme attracts substrates to its active site, catalyzes the chemical reaction by which products are formed, and then allows the products to dissociate
List the factors that influence enzymatic activity.
temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, and the presence of any inhibitors or activators.
Distinguish competitive and noncompetitive inhibition.
competitive-binds to active site competing with substrate, reducing rate of rxn, non-Prevent substrate from bonding by changing the shape of all active sites
What is a ribozyme?
enzymatic RNA molecules that cut and splice RNA in eukaryotic cells.
List and provide examples of three types of phosphorylation reactions that generate ATP.
oxidative phosphorylation- electron transport chain, photophosphorylation- photosynthesis, substrate level phosphorylation- glycolysis, Krebs cycle
What is the purpose of metabolic pathways?
chemical reactions in a cell that build and breakdown molecules for cellular processes;maintain cells energy balance
What are the principal products of the Krebs cycle?
Net - per 2 acetyl CoA- 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP are by substrate- level phosphorylation
Describe the chemiosmotic model for ATP generation.
oxidated protons (H+) build up the proton motive force that turns ATP synthase like a turbine which pulls H+ through and phosphorylates ADP(+P) to ATP
List four compounds that can be made from pyruvic acid by an organism that uses fermentation.
Lactic Acid, Ethanol, Propionic acid, Butyric Acid
What are the end-products of lipid and protein catabolism?
glycerol, fatty acid, acetyl coa, amino acids
Compare and contrast cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation
they are both light dependent, have ETC; cyclic-only P1 is used, no H2O splitting, E- come from Light, non-cyclic makes O2, ATP, by spitting H2O and chemiosmosi
How is photosynthesis important to catabolism?
breakdown of energy to O2
Compare and contrast the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.
light dependent-When H2O is oxidized-O2 produced, H2S is oxidized, S granules produced, ETC. Light-independent-CO2 is used to synthesized to make sugars
