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A census collects data from everyone in the ___________________.
population
In a __________sample, you choose individuals that are easiest to reach.
Convenience
Sampling methods sometimes lead to _________. This is when they are likely to overestimate or underestimate the value you want to know.
bias
This type of sample gives every possible sample of the same size the same chance of being selected.
Simple Random Sample
___________________ happens when some members of the population are left out or cannot be chosen for the sample.
undercoverage
When members of a sample cannot be contacted or refuse to respond, this is called _________________.
nonresponse
When people lie in their responses, this is called ____________________.
response bias
When the population is broken up into groups and a SRS is chosen from each group, this is called a __________________ sample.
stratified
When the population is broken up into groups and a SRS of groups is chosen and all of those group members are in the sample, this is called a _____________ sample.
cluster
__________ occurs when you cannot tell if the results are due to the explanatory variable or another lurking variable.
Confounding
In an ____________ study, no treatment is administered.
observational
Observational studies that examine existing data are called ______________.
retrospective
Observational studies that track individuals into the future are called __________.
prospective
Experiments impose one or more ______________.
treatments
Each treatment is a combination of the levels of the __________variables (also called factors).
explanatory.
Some experiments give a ____________ (fake treatment).
placebo
