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What is the most common cause of UTIs?
E. coli
What are the ways pathogens ascend and infect the urinary tract?
gram -, motility to swim up, fimbrae for attachment, colonization, biofilm formation
What is the most distinguishing virulence of s. saprophyticus in relation to other of its species?
novobicin resistant, which inhibits ATP production. others: binds fibronectin, biofilm, urease +, catalase +
What are possible treatment for s. saprophyticus UTI?
nitrofurantoin (macrobid), TMP-SMX (bactrim), and fluoroquinolones (depending on resistance in the community)
What is the most distinguishing virulence of p. mirabilis?
lactose non-fermenter (fermenterse being k.pneumo and e.coli). others: urease + (forming struvite stones), motile
What are possible treatments for p. miribalis UTI?
(IV administration) carbapenem, fluoroquinolones, cephlasporin XL + aminoglycosides, penicilin XL special (Zosan: pep + tazo)
What pathogens are most resistant to Beta-lactams?
SPACE because they have a gene that encodes for beta-lactamases. (s. marcenscens, p. aeruginosa, acinetobacter, citrobacter, and e. coli)
Which pathogens are high resistant pathogens?
ESKAPE causing most nosocomial infections worldwide (e. faesium, s. aureus, k. pneumoniae, a. baumannii, p. aeruginosa, e. coli)
What are the top causes of STI-relates UTIs?
n. gonorrhea, c. trachomatis, and HSV-2
What is the management plan for an STI-related UTI?
ceftriaxone (IM), abstaining from sex x1 wk, treat sexual partners, for c. trachomatis use doxycycline
What are major virulence of uropathogenic e. coli?
hemolysin A (lysis of cells for output of iron), siderophore (for iron chelation)
What are some virulence and characteristics of n. gonorrhea?
gram - diplococci, glucose fermenter, pili + antigenic variation (so not able to make vaccine)
What is a unique virulence to k. pneumoniae?
carbapenemase (making it resistant to cephalsporins)
