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What are the five elements of life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur
What does a "polymer" mean?
chains of monomers
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
These are also called empty calories because they do not posses fiber, vitamins, and minerals
Simple Carbohydrates
What is the primary function of simple carbohydrates?
They can be easily digested and raise blood sugar levels immediately
What are the three examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
What is maltose and where can it be found?
Glucose + Glucose. Cereal beer, potatoes, cheese, pasta
What is the difference between Lipids and Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are short-term energy sources while lipids are long-term energy sources
What is the function of Lipoproteins?
Transport fat molecules in water, blood plasma, or other extracellular fluids
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids do not possess double bonds while unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds and a "kink"
What is the recognizable structure of steroids?
Three six-membered rings and one five-membered ring
What is the difference between Lactose and Galactose?
Lactose is a disaccharide (Galactose + Glucose) and Galactose is a monosaccharide
What are the three important examples/functions of proteins?
Enzymes, Antibodies, and Hemoglobin (cell transport)
This type of proteins provide strength for tissues
Fibrous Proteins - Collagens, elastins, and keratins
How do tertiary structures in proteins form?
By the interactions of Alpha Helices and Beta Sheets
What type of macromolecule do hormones belong to?
PROTEINS!
