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a large group of stars, dust and gases in the universe held together by gravity
Galaxy
galaxy that is disc-shaped with a thin disk with long arms; gas and dust rotate around the central hub of the galaxy
Spiral Galaxy
huge galaxy that is round or oval in shape
Elliptical Galaxy
huge galaxy with no regular shape
Irregular Galaxy
huge, hot body made of different gases; radiates energy (light)
Star
nearly round objects that revolve around a star; in our solar system the planets that revolve around our Sun are; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Planets
medium sized star; located near edge of galaxy; many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star; provides energy that creates convection currents in atmosphere and oceans
Sun
increasing range in frequency of electromagnetic waves; light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of objects in the universe; ex. light years used to measure distances and sizes in the universe
EM Spectrum
spin of Earth (or other Moon/planet) on its axis; takes 24 hours; causes day/night
Rotation
spin of Earth (or other Moon/planet) on its axis; takes 24 hours; causes day/night
Rotation
movement of Earth around Sun; takes 365 ¼ days; causes seasons
Revolution
changes in ocean water levels that take place in regular pattern; controlled by pull of gravity between Moon and Earth; force of gravity of Moon pulls pulls ocean water away from Earth's surface
Tides
outermost layer of Earth; least dense layer; thinnest layer; where we live
Crust
layer of Earth between crust and core; thickest layer, partially molten (liquid)
Mantle
made of crust and upper part of mantle; broken into tectonic plates
Lithosphere
forms when sediment collects and hardens; layers of sediment pile up and squeeze together; requires pressure
Sedimentary Rocks
