Unit 4 SIGS cases 1-6 | Baamboozle - Baamboozle | The Most Fun Classroom Games!

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Unit 4 SIGS cases 1-6 SSOs / WFAs

Study Slideshow

Most common bacterial and viral pathogens causing acute otitis media in children?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis

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Diagnostic tests to differentiate and identify bacterial and viral causes of acute otitis media.

oxidase, catalse, nitrate reduction, butyrate esterase, Blood/chocolate agar, gram stain

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Why are clavulanate and amoxicillin used to treat acute otitis media?

Clavulanate is synergistic with amoxicillin to prevent degradation by beta-lactamase

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Name OMT techniques to treat acute otitis media and state why this is effective.

Galbreath, auricular drainage, lymphatic pump; Promotes drainage of lymph to decrease pathogen proliferation

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Describe the signs and symptoms of Lyme disease.

1. erythema migrains (target rash), flu-like symptoms 2. bilateral Bell's palsy, AV nodal block 3. arthritis , encephalopathy

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Characterize Borrelia burgdoferi (structure, physiology, epidemiology, mode of transmission).

Spirochete, flagella, outer surface proteins (virulence factor), U.S., Canada, Europe; Ixodes tick vector

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Explain the pathogenesis of infection with Borrelia burgdoferi and Lyme-disease causing organisms.

Infected Ixodes Tick bite-> binding of OspC to plasminogen-> if bite lasts 36-72+ hrs, spread via bloodstream->Early stage-> Early disseminated--> Late stage

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Describe and justify the two-tiered serologic testing for diagnosing Lyme Disease

EIA or IFA -> (positive) -> IgM and IgG Western blot (30- days) OR IgG Western Blot (30+ days); cross reaction --> false positive

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Explain the delayed onset of symptoms following exposure to Toxicodendron species.

Due to the time that it takes to activate and recruit T cells to the site

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Explain how the immune response induces skin changes (vesicles and bullae) in type IV hypersensitivity reactions.

activated T lymphocytes-> (1) release cytokines, inflammation & macrophage activation (2) T cell-mediated cytotoxicity -> ROStissue damage-> skin changes

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Discuss the role of haptens, including urushiol, in the immune response (priming of T cells).

Small, enter skin -> bind self-proteins -> Langerhans recognizes & goes to lymph-> MHC-II binds -> TH1 release IL2 -> release IFN -> macrophage -> inflammation

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Explain why antihistamines are NOT an effective treatment for Toxicodendron dermatitis.

The itching is not caused by histamine release; the itching sensation is due to other granules that are released.

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Characterize the serologic workup for rheumatoid arthritis

RF= IgM rheumatoid antibody binds modified IgG; ACPA= anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies; ESR= correlates w/ disease activity; CRP= objective measure

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Explain how methotrexate relieves symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

mimics folate and blocks synthesis of tetrahydrofolate (inhibits dihydrofolate reductase)-> reduces pain & swelling

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Explain the benefits associated with folic acid supplementation during methotrexate therapy.

Supplemental folic acid helps to alleviate the adverse effects of dihydrofolate reductase inhibition

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Describe the clinical presentation of rheumatoid arthritis.

Swelling and pain in MCP and PIP (DIPs are preserved); morning stiffness 30+ minutes; symmetrical; positive rheumatoid factor, elevated ESR and CRP

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