Share DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis and Gene Regulation
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What is the function of DNA?
store and transmit genetic information and regulate the production proteins
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base
What is Chargaff’s rule?
A=T & C=G
Besides the central dogma, what other process do organisms use to make proteins?
None, it's universal
What are the three types of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What molecules is DNA “rewritten” into during transcription?
mRNA
What starts transcription?
RNA polymerase bonding to promoter
What are three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that code for an amino acid called?
Codon
What are the three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule called?
anti-codon
What is the role of the anticodon?
to ensure the amino acid is brought to the appropriate codon
What level of protein folding are the alpha helices and beta pleated sheets?
Secondary
What level of protein folding combines multiple polypeptide chains into complete proteins?
Quaternary
What level of protein folding are peptide bonds?
Primary
How do proteins affect DNA and gene expression?
Turn genes on and off, wrap and unwrap DNA
When the lac repressor protein attaches to the operator, what happens to the gene?
turns lac gene off
Why do cells regulate the expression of genes?
they do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes
