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What 2 events started the Modern Age?
The fall of Constantinople and the arrival of Columbus in America
What event was the end of the Modern Age?
The French Revolution
How was the fall of Constantinople and Europeans' arrival in the Americas connected?
The Ottoman Turks' conquest of the Byzantine Empire made trade with Asia difficult. The Catholic Monarchs' desire to reach Asia led them to finance Columbus
What is the domestic system?
The means of production (tools and materials) are given to families in the villages, outside the control of the guilds
How did the upper bourgeoisie try to join the nobility (gain a noble title)?
Marriage unions, buying noble titles, performing special services for a monarch
How did the upper bourgeoisie reach economic and political power?
They became very rich and joined magistrates
Why did the European population increase during the Modern Age?
Fewer wars, increased agricultural population, less famine, more resistant to disease
What groups were a part of the privileged estates? Why were they privileged?
The nobility and clergy. They didn't pay taxes and they were judged by their equals, owned most of the land, and had access to high political positions
Who was a part of the unprivileged estates? Why were they unprivileged?
Ordinary people (the majority of the population). They paid taxes and had to work
True or False: The population of cities during the Modern Age decreased
False; cities and the urban population continued growing
What is the definition of a dynastic union?
Each kingdom kept its own institutions, laws, language, currency (moneda) and boundaries (fronteras)
How was the dynastic union of Castilla and Aragón created?
Isabel, the half-sister (hermana por parte de padre) of Enrique IV of Castilla, married Fernando, the crown prince (heredero de la Corona de) of Aragón
What groups were a part of the War of Succession 1475-1479 and who won?
Juana la Beltraneja, who had the support of Portugal, and Isabel, who had the support of Aragón. Isabel won.
What was the Tribunal of the Inquisition? What did it do?
A religious court that persecuted people who opposed the official beliefs of the church and false converts
What groups did the Catholic Monarchs persecute to produce religious unification?
Jewish people (Sephardic Jews were expelled) and Muslims in Christian territory (Mudejars)
What was the name for Muslims who converted to Christianity?
Moriscos
