What is GEOLOGY?
the study of the earth
Name the 4 layers of the earth
Crust, mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
Describe the earth's crust
The earth's crust is the outermost layer of the earth. It is like a skin that covers the whole surface (even under the oceans). The crust is made of rock
The crust is broken up into sections called ________________.
plates (tectonic plates)
What do the tectonic plates float on?
The mantle
Describe the MANTLE of the earth's layers.
The mantle is the layer below the crust.The rock in this layer is not hard, solid rock though. The mantle is like a thick, hot soup containing a mixture of rock
What is magma?
This magma is very hot, melted rocks. Magma is what we call lava when it comes out of volcanoes!
Describe the outer core of the earth's layers.
The outer core is about 1,240 miles thick and is made out of mostly liquid iron with some nickel and silicon. This section is also very, very hot!
Describe the inner core of the earth's layers.
This is the very center of the earth and is basically an iron ball that is about 870 miles across (diameter). The temperature of the inner core is about 11,000
What happens when 2 pieces of the earth's crust (plates) move apart?
Hot magma pushes up through the gap, cools and hardens. creating mountains or new ocean floor.
What are continental plates?
Continental plates are pieces of the earth’s crust that are above magma.
What is a fault?
The place where the plates meet and crack are called faults.
How are Fold Mountains formed?
Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth's tectonic plates are pushed together.
How is a fault-block mountain formed?
Fault-block mountains form when two tectonic plates slide vertically against each other.
How is a dome mountain formed?
Dome Mountains are formed from hot molten material (magma) rising from the Earth's mantle into the crust that pushes overlying sedimentary rock layers upward to
The place on a fault where movement occurs, usually far below the surface, is called the _______________.
Focus
