Describe "localization of brain function."
An IDEA/THEORY that each area of the brain has a specific function.
Give one example of "localization."
the amygdala = emotional response; hypothalamus = regulating hormones; PFC = decision making and impulse control; etc...
Which part of the brain is commonly linked with planning and impulse control?
The Prefrontal Cortex
What is a longitudinal study?
In a longitudinal study, researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time.
Give an example of empirical research.
Give an example of anecdotal research.
What is most important in a "culture of honor"?
Pride and defending one’s honour are important. If threatened, defending oneself with violence is acceptable..
What is the difference between social dominance today compared to in caveman times?
Explain how the amygdala plays a role in the stress response.
Once the amygdala identifies a potential threat, it processes the emotional significance of the stimulus which then determines the appropriate response.
Explain how the hypothalamus plays a role in the stress response.
The hypothalamus activates the adrenal glands to release stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, initiating the "fight or flight" response.
Name two longitudinal studies.
Grafman et al. (1996) and Caspi et al. (2002)
WHO outlined the "Dual Processing Model for Thinking and Decision Making"?
Daniel Kahneman
What is the difference between a THEORY and a MODEL?
Theory = Tries to explain WHY a phenomenon occurs; Model = Tries to illustrate HOW a phenomenon occurs.
Use an example to explain the three cognitive process that lead to making a decision (Processing, judgement, decision making)
Explain the pros and cons of "System One" thinking.
Pros: uses minimal mental effort, process many tasks at once, use heuristics to make quick decisions. Cons: susceptible to bias and irrational results.
Explain the pros and cons of "System Two" thinking.
Pros: rational processing, involves rigorous analysis, and checks for biases and fallacies. Cons: takes a lot of mental effort and time; difficult to multitask.
