What does Q stand for if V = Ventilation in V/Q? (a part of normal respiratory functions)
Perfusion, blood supply to the alveoli
15
What is the red arrow indicating? What does this cell type do?
Pneumocyte type 2. Secrete surfactant to alleviate alveoli surface tension, and replace type 1 if damaged
20
Type 1 Pneumocytes are a major part of the perfusion barrier, forming the inner layer of the diffusion barrier. What would be in the outer layer this diffusion barrier where gas perfusion/exchange occurs?
Capillary lumen
15
In the image provided, which form of compensation would give this clinical sign?
Metabolic Acidosis
15
Describe the mucociliary escalator seen in ciliated epithelium.
Ciliated epithelium rhythmically beats upwards which helps catch particulates in the mucous surfactant and moves it towards the oropharynx for expulsion (cough)
25
Name 3 defences as part of the immune system in the respiratory tract
Phagocytes, Bronchus Associated lymphoid tissue, IgA (URT) and IgG (LRT)
15
Why is inspiration effort associated in URT pathologies and not expiratory effort?
Expiration is a passive process
15
A restrictive pulmonary disease is one which restricts lung inflation. Name 4 (both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary)