In the late 1800s collective bargaining was a technique used by labor unions to
win workers rights
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What are 2 causes of idustrialization
pro-business government policies, natural resources, population growth, entrepreneurs, new technology
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Govt provides subsidies to RR in the form of land grants--promoted the building of transcontinental railroads
Pacific Railway Act
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Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution
Vertical Integration
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Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller
Horizontal Integration
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A Scottish immigrant who made a fortune in steel and donated most of his profits.
Carnegie
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Captain of industry that created a monopoly in oil refineries
Rockefeller
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Captain of Industry in charge of railroad and steamship lines
Vanderbilt
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An influential banker and businessman who bought and reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and become the largest business in the world in 1901
JP Morgan
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applied “survival of the fittest” principles to human society
social darwinism
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President Hayes used federal troops to stop the violence and end the strike that shut down 2/3 of the nations railroads
Great Railroad Strike
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labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms; failed to bring about change due to public reaction after the Haymarket Incident
Knights of Labor
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1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
American Federation of Labor
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(1886) Chicago police advanced on a meeting that had been called to protest supposed brutalities by authorities. Dynamite bomb thrown and dozens were killed. Knights of labor were blamed for this incident, and lost public support
Haymarket Incident
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2 examples of Problems in Cities
tenements, slums, political corruption, overcrowding, poverty, pollution
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the policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.
