1. Political Era
2. Professional Era
3. Community Era
4. Modern Era
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Why was the Department of Homeland Security created?
It was created in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks
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Name one of the 6 organizations that focus on national security issues (part of federal policing)
TSA, ICE, border patrol, customs, National Guard, Secret Service
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Who is credited with being the father of policing & established the Metropolitan Police Force in London?
Sir Robert Peel
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Who is considered the father of American policing & advocated for immense police reform in the U.S.?
August Vollmer
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T/F: The U.S. still has a quasi-military structure, hierarchical ranks, & chain of command today
True
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By the year 1880, all major cities in the U.S. had adopted ____'s model
Sir Robert Peel
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What was the focus of the Professional Era of Policing?
Sought to drive the politics out of policing & wanted to focus more on crime fighting & responding to crime
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What were some problems during the Political Era of Policing?
Law enforcement was heavily tied to political interference
Bribes were often accepted
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What was the Community Era of policing concerned with?
Expanding policing into the community
Cops become more service-oriented & problem-solving
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T/F: Polygraph is admissible in court as a source of evidence
False
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In relationship to the Modern Era of Policing, what are some of the technological advances that have become important?
Fingerprinting, body cams, polygraph testing, DNA testing
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T/F: Modern policing is based on a centralized model
False: decentralized
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What is fragmentation in relation to policing?
Because of decentralization, there is a lack of communication between the policing bodies (local to state, state to federal, etc.)
Lack of communication
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Which department is considered the "legal arm" of the federal system & who is in charge of it?
Department of Justice - headed by U.S. Attorney General
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What is police discretion?
Decision to choose to enforce the law
Law in action v. law in the books