1. Political Era
2. Professional Era
3. Community Era
4. Modern Era
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Why was the Department of Homeland Security created?
It was created in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks
15
Name one of the 6 organizations that focus on national security issues (part of federal policing)
TSA, ICE, border patrol, customs, National Guard, Secret Service
15
Who is credited with being the father of policing & established the Metropolitan Police Force in London?
Sir Robert Peel
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Who is considered the father of American policing & advocated for immense police reform in the U.S.?
August Vollmer
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T/F: The U.S. still has a quasi-military structure, hierarchical ranks, & chain of command today
True
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By the year 1880, all major cities in the U.S. had adopted ____'s model
Sir Robert Peel
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What was the focus of the Professional Era of Policing?
Sought to drive the politics out of policing & wanted to focus more on crime fighting & responding to crime
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What were some problems during the Political Era of Policing?
Law enforcement was heavily tied to political interference
Bribes were often accepted
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What was the Community Era of policing concerned with?
Expanding policing into the community
Cops become more service-oriented & problem-solving
15
T/F: Polygraph is admissible in court as a source of evidence
False
15
In relationship to the Modern Era of Policing, what are some of the technological advances that have become important?
Fingerprinting, body cams, polygraph testing, DNA testing
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T/F: Modern policing is based on a centralized model
False: decentralized
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What is fragmentation in relation to policing?
Because of decentralization, there is a lack of communication between the policing bodies (local to state, state to federal, etc.)
Lack of communication
15
Which department is considered the "legal arm" of the federal system & who is in charge of it?
Department of Justice - headed by U.S. Attorney General
15
What is police discretion?
Decision to choose to enforce the law
Law in action v. law in the books
