What is the division of labour and how did it effect workers?
Each worker specialised in a single task in the production process, with fixed timetables and working at the speed required by machines
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15
What was the shift from hand tools to power driven machinery called?
The Industrial Revolution
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15
When workers protest unsafe and unjust working conditions by refusing to work until their demands are met it is called?
A strike.
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What was the textile boom?
The flooding of international markets by cheap and well-made British cotton products due to mechanisation in the first industrial revolution
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15
What is the process of making large numbers of identical goods in great quantities called?
Mass production
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What decade is considered the start of the second industrial revolution?
1870
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The first regular passenger train line was established in 1830 between which two cities?
Liverpool and Manchester
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What financial innovations enabled the growth of business?
The creation of corporations, divided into shares traded on the stock market between shareholders. + Bank loans. = Financial capitalism
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What new forms of transport emerged or became widespread in the second industrial revolution?
Steam ships, automobiles and the first aeroplanes
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What were working conditions like in the first textile factories?
Frequent accidents with burns, cuts, mutilations and death. No health insurance or unemployment benefit or pension schemes. Low wages. Frequent dismissals
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What were the advantages of trains as the new transportation?
Could... 1. go anywhere tracks could be put down. 2. Go faster 3. Haul more and 4. Operate all year.
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15
What was the primary energy source of the first industrial revolution?