Discuss the TNM classification of malignancy and colorectal cancer
T: extent/size of tumor (how far grown in wall colon-mucosa, muscularis properia, suberosa/serosa); N: spread to nearby lymphs; M: metastasis to distant organs
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15
Why does a person with a G6P deficiency need to eat corn starch?
corn starch is a glucose polymer that is broken down slowly = control glucose levels
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eraser
Reset score!
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shark
Other team loses 25 points!
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fairy
Take points!
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banana
Go to last place!
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15
Discuss how Protein S and C work and their relevance in evaluating thrombophilia
Proteins S & C work together to prevent your blood from clotting too much; if low S&C = clot too much; P&C inactivate factors V/VIII = slow down clot formation
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15
why do patients with Ewing sarcoma present with generalized pain?
immune cells trigger inflammation->cytokines->inflammatory markers->activate nociceptors throughout body
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15
What is the characteristic translocation associated with Ewing Sarcoma?
location at the chromosome 22 breakpoint of the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation; EWS (EWSR1) gene is involved in translocations in Ewing's sarcoma
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15
Explain the significance of elevated LDH and Uric acid in the presentation of CML
LDH: high turn over of cells-excess cell lysis; Uric Acid-breakdown of cellular nucleic acid contents of leukemia cells
Discuss the clinical significance of APC-resistance assay and ratio in screening for factor V gene mutation
degree of abnormality of APC-assay correlates to heterozygosity (higher APC ratio) or homozygosity (low APC ratio) factor V Leiden mutation
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15
What is the underlying pathogenesis of Von Gierk's (Type I) disease?
glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (can't go from G6P to Glucose)
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15
what are 3 drugs that can treat Factor V Leiden and briefly explain their MOA
1. Warfarin-block carboxylation of prothrombin/VII/X & proteins C/S->deactivates Vitamin K; 2. Dabigatran-inhibit thrombin; 3. Rivaroxaban-direct Xa inhibitor
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15
Discuss the role of factor V in blood clot formation (coagulant) & hemostatic (anticoagulant) regulation
Factor V synthesized in liver; Thrombin activates Factor V-> prothrombin to thrombin; Factor V cofactor aPC to degrade VIII/VIIIA= reduce thrombin formation
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15
Describe the genetic pathogenesis of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Translocation of chromosome 9 segment onto Chromosome 22-> Philadelphia Chromosome w/ BCR-ABL fusion gene= hematopoeitic stem cell division unregulated