Rationalize the use of 24-hour urine free cortisol (UFC), late-night salivary cortisol and the low-dose overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in the screening for Cushing syndrome. (SIGs 7.2b)
24 hour: cortisol over time (most accurate); late-night: cortisol usually lowest then; Low dose dexameth.: should suppress cortisol (high= cushing)
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15
Contrast the MOA of octreotide with that of pegvisomant (Wild card WFA 7.1).
O: long-acting somatostatin analog--> decreased secretion of GH; P: GH receptor antagonist; GH analog structurally altered to bind GH receptor w/o activating it
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15
Identify two male genital abnormalities that commonly occur with cryptorchidism in an infant and explain this association embryologically. (Wild Card WFA 7.3)
Inguinal hernias & hydroceles due to abnorm descent of testicles from abd cavity-> scrotum
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shark
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lifesaver
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15
Describe the actions of PTH in the regulation of calcium by the kidney. (SIGS 7.1a)
Low/intermittent levels: anabolic effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts (indirect) to build bone; chronically high: catabolic effects;
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15
Describe the clinical features of symptomatic male hypogonadism (U7W3 SIGS7.3b).
decreased libido, fewer spontaneous erections, fatigue, hot flashes, depressed mood, difficulty w/ concentration, decr. muscle mass
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15
Contrast primary and secondary hypogonadism and correlate them to low testosterone. (SIGS 7.3b)
Relate the physiologic process of bone resorption to the management of osteoporosis with parathyroidโฏhormoneโฏanalogues (teriparatide). (SIGS 7.1a)
synthetic PTH; regulates calcium metabolism from bone to promote bone growth (other meds promote bone density by prohibiting bone resorption); intermittent use