A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established by the Berbers in the eighth century A.D.
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Altai
Where Russia, China, Mongolia come together
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Umayyad Caliphate
First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs (661 to 750). Fro
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Arabic
A language that is the official language of several countries of North Africa and the Middle East, as well as the religion of Islam.
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Abu-al-Abbas
The chief leader of the rebellion that brought the Umayyad Dynasty to an end; a descendant of Muhammad's uncle; he was a Sunni Arab
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Abbasid Dynasty
Muslim dynasty after Ummayad, a dynasty that lasted about two centuries that had about 150 years of Persia conquer and was created by Mohammad's youngest uncle'
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Moors
Muslims of Spain
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King Ferdinand
King of Aragon who married and allied with Queen Isabella and fought the Muslims in 1492
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Islamic State
a type of government primarily based on the application of shari'a (Islamic law), the dispensation of justice, maintenance of law and order.
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emirs of Cordoba
Umayyads who had migrated to Spain into the al-Andalus
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Reconquista
The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.
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Fertile Crescent
A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates
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Queen Isabella
Queen of Castile in Spain, she helped complete the Reconquista. She and her husband banned Islam and forced all Jews in Spain to become Christian or leave. She