What do osteocytes do and why do they need canaliculi?
a)to respond to mechanical strain and to send signals of bone formation or bone resorption to the bone surface, b to communicate with other osteocytes
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15
What cells have more than one nuclei?
osteoclasts
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15
What does calcitonin do and why, and where does it come from?
It comes from the thyroid gland, and it reduces Ca+ levels in the blood by decreasing osteoclast activity
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15
How do the sex hormones affect bone growth?
They cause a rapid growth spurt(an increase in the osteoblast activity), and they cause the epiphyseal plates to ossify.
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15
Explain the difference between proximal and distal.
proximal is closer to the point of attachment of a limb. Distal is farther from the point of attachment of a limb. The foot is distal to the knee
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15
What do osteoclasts secrete to accomplish their function?
Osteoclasts dissolve bone mineral by massive acid secretion and secrete specialized proteinases that degrade the organic matrix, mainly type I collagen,
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15
Why is a bone made up of both collagen and bone salts?
collagen gives bone flexibility and tensile strength, and bone salts (Hydroxyapatite) give it compressive strength and hardness
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15
explain the difference between medial and lateral.
Medial is closer to the mid line lateral is farther away from the midline. The nose is medial to the ear. the ear is lateral to the nose
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15
What kind of cell builds the bone matrix?
Osteoblast. The osteoblast secretes collagen and blood provides the bone salts.
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15
What is the consistency of synovial fluid and what is itโs purpose?
Viscous, ovial:egg like, non Newtonian, lubricates, supports the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage, shock absorber
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15
What does midsagittal mean?
the median vertical longitudinal plane that divides a bilaterally symmetrical animal into right and left halves.
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15
What is and where will you find articular cartilage?
The smooth hard plastic surface in a synovial joint.
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25
name the 3 types of joints and an example.
Fibrous=-sutures (head) and syndesmosis (forearm),Cartilaginous- costal cartilage and pubis symphysis and spine, Synovial โ allows for free movement