Describe the effects of CO on hemoglobin and the hemoglobin saturation curve. (SIGS 6.5a)
CO binds hemoglobin w/ 240x affinity than O2 (competitively inhibits)--> curve shift to left--> bound O2 won't release
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15
What is the significance of DLCO results in interstitial lung disease? (Sigs Case 6.6b)
DLCO represents ability of lung to transfer gas from inhaled air into blood; acts as surrogate marker for extent of lung damage; may decrease in many conditions
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15
Explain how low oxygen levels can alter the electrical and mechanical functions of the heart.(Sigs Case 6.5a)
Low O2-> ischemia of heart myocardium-> decrease in contractility (LV)-> reduces CO, increased preload-> ecc. hypertrophy-> dilation-> systolic dysfunction-> HF
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15
Compare/contrast expected PFT findings of obstructive vs. restrictive lung diseases (Sigs Case 6.6b)
O: volumes greater than normal, ratio lower than normal, loop shifts left; R: volumes less than normal, ratio elevated, loop shifts right
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seesaw
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rocket
Go to first place!
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shark
Other team loses 20 points!
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thief
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banana
Go to last place!
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seesaw
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shark
Other team loses 15 points!
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thief
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15
What are the risks and benefits of LABAs and LAMAs for treating COPD? (Sigs Case 6.6a)
LABA-deathly asthma attack when used w/out steroid = B2-adrenoceptor decrease; LAMA-arrhythmia; increased CV risk
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15
Describe how cor pulmonale can result in right-sided heart failure. (SIGS 6.4b)
cor pul.->RV work harder->enlargement & thickening of RV (remodeling)-> contraction decreased-> conduction path stretched-> V. arrhythmia-> Vfib-> RHF
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15
What is the MOA and side effects of thiazide diuretics?(Sigs Case 6.6b)
Used to decrease sodium reabsorption-> decrease fluid reabsorption-> directly decrease levels of circulating sodium; AE: ion imbalance, incr. urination
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15
What is the role of glucocorticoids in managing COPD? (Sigs Case 6.6a)
Steroid must be used with LABA; decrease inflammation in flare-ups (swelling, mucus production, breathlessness)