Characterize Taenia solium, including structure, physiology, and epidemiology.
cestode, pork tapeworm; monoecious, hooklets on scolex, suckers; ingestion cysticerci in infected-undercooked pork; Latin America/Sub-Sahara Africa/India/Asia
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10
Explain the pathogenesis of EBV infection and how it relates to Hodgkin Lymphoma
EBV infects B lymphocytes->proliferate expression viral proteins->EBV-derived LMP-1->NF-kappaB & JAK/STAT->host cell proliferation/inhibit apoptosis by BCL2
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10
Describe the use of PPSV23 in diagnosis in CVID
determine if a lack of functional antibody; measuring serum levels of antibody, against vaccine antigens pneumococcal - CVID = low/absent antibody response
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10
Differentiate between acquired and primary immune deficiency
Primary: result of genetic defects; Secondary: environmental factors - HIV
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10
Characterize Leishmania infantum: structure, physiology, mode of transmission
Discuss the laboratory tests that guide antiretroviral drug selection: HLA-B5701 & HIV resistance tests
Haplotype test: assessing the rate of HIV progression; genotype: drug resistance+correct therapy; HLA-B5701 don't use Abacavir drug
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10
PPSV23 - type vaccine, components, dosing
inactivated polysaccharide conjugate, 23 serotypes, T-cell independent to dependent, adults>65; ages 2-64 with conditions; 2 doses/5 years apart
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10
Pathogenesis of CVID
Intrinsic B cell defects -> impaired differentiation -> no immunoglobulins
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10
Describe the effect HIV has on CD4+ T-cells.
HIV ->CD4 TH17 (activate neutrophils/protect mucoepithelium) is depleted->decrease CD4 T-> decrease TH1->not enough CD8T = infection + no control of infections
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10
Discuss the indications/drug class of the VRd regimen (bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone) for Multiple Myeloma (MM)
induction therapy for MM: Bortezomib-antineoplastic; Lenalidomide-immunomodulatory; dexamethasone-low dose gluccoctoricoid used w/ Lenalidomide
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10
Describe the Ann Arbor staging system used in staging Hodgkin lymphomas and the prognostic significance.
Hodgkin: contiguous lymph spread but NOT Non-Hodgkin; Ann Harbor I-IV (lymph spread increases+organ involved) + A (no b symptoms) B (yes B sympt)->IVB is worst