What is the difference between a THEORY and a MODEL?
Theory = Tries to explain WHY a phenomenon occurs; Model = Tries to illustrate HOW a phenomenon occurs.
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15
Explain how the hypothalamus plays a role in the stress response.
The hypothalamus activates the adrenal glands to release stress hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline, initiating the "fight or flight" response.
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15
Which part of the brain is commonly linked with planning and impulse control?
The Prefrontal Cortex
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15
What are Heuristics and what are the pros and cons of them?
Mental shortcuts used to simplify the decision making process. They are quick and very useful for everyday things, but they can lead to cognitive bias.
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15
What are Confounding Variables?
A confounding variable influences the dependent variable, and also correlates with or causally affects the independent variable.
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15
Explain the pros and cons of "System Two" thinking.
Pros: rational processing, involves rigorous analysis, and checks for biases and fallacies. Cons: takes a lot of mental effort and time; difficult to multitask.
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15
What is the difference between social dominance today compared to in caveman times?
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15
What is an independent variable in an experiment?
The IV is the factor in a study that psychologists CHANGE in order to see the effect it might have on behavior.
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15
WHO outlined the "Dual Processing Model for Thinking and Decision Making"?
Daniel Kahneman
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15
What is a longitudinal study?
In a longitudinal study, researchers repeatedly examine the same individuals to detect any changes that might occur over a period of time.
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15
Give one example of "localization."
the amygdala = emotional response; hypothalamus = regulating hormones; PFC = decision making and impulse control; etc...
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15
Explain how the amygdala plays a role in the stress response.
Once the amygdala identifies a potential threat, it processes the emotional significance of the stimulus which then determines the appropriate response.