Type 1 Pneumocytes are a major part of the perfusion barrier, forming the inner layer of the diffusion barrier. What would be in the outer layer this diffusion barrier where gas perfusion/exchange occurs?
Capillary lumen
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20
Why do lesions of the URT generally have more dramatic consequences compared to LRT?
LRT has a larger functional reserve and can have diffuse lesions that may not disrupt function. URT lesions can obstruct a much smaller area.
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15
Why is inspiration effort associated in URT pathologies and not expiratory effort?
Expiration is a passive process
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20
What is the red arrow indicating? What does this cell type do?
Pneumocyte type 2. Secrete surfactant to alleviate alveoli surface tension, and replace type 1 if damaged
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15
In the image provided, which form of compensation would give this clinical sign?
Metabolic Acidosis
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15
Name clinical signs of an URT lesion (there should be at least 5)
Name 3 defences as part of the immune system in the respiratory tract
Phagocytes, Bronchus Associated lymphoid tissue, IgA (URT) and IgG (LRT)
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15
What is the main anatomical consequenceof oedema in regards to V/Q?
Increased diffusion barrier thickness
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15
List the following in order of Most proteinaceous to Least Proteinaceous (Modified transudate, transudate, exudate)
Exudate>>Modified transudate>>Transudate
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25
Describe the mucociliary escalator seen in ciliated epithelium.
Ciliated epithelium rhythmically beats upwards which helps catch particulates in the mucous surfactant and moves it towards the oropharynx for expulsion (cough)
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15
Where are the normal neural pathways for ventilation? (Start at the brain)