Type 1 Pneumocytes are a major part of the perfusion barrier, forming the inner layer of the diffusion barrier. What would be in the outer layer this diffusion barrier where gas perfusion/exchange occurs?
Capillary lumen
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20
Obstructive pulmonary diseases obstruct ventilation (inspiration) or elastic recoil. Name 4
BOAS, Tracheal collapse, Asthma, Bronchitis
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15
Why is inspiration effort associated in URT pathologies and not expiratory effort?
Expiration is a passive process
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15
What does Q stand for if V = Ventilation in V/Q? (a part of normal respiratory functions)
Perfusion, blood supply to the alveoli
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20
A restrictive pulmonary disease is one which restricts lung inflation. Name 4 (both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary)
What are some causes of Hydrostatic oedema? (Increased pulmonary venous pressure)
LSCHF, Hypervolemia, excessive fluid therapy
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20
What is the red arrow indicating? What does this cell type do?
Pneumocyte type 2. Secrete surfactant to alleviate alveoli surface tension, and replace type 1 if damaged
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20
Why do lesions of the URT generally have more dramatic consequences compared to LRT?
LRT has a larger functional reserve and can have diffuse lesions that may not disrupt function. URT lesions can obstruct a much smaller area.
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15
Describe the 4 main functions of the URT
Humidification, Filtration, Warming, & Conduction of air
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25
Describe the mucociliary escalator seen in ciliated epithelium.
Ciliated epithelium rhythmically beats upwards which helps catch particulates in the mucous surfactant and moves it towards the oropharynx for expulsion (cough)
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15
What is the main anatomical consequenceof oedema in regards to V/Q?
Increased diffusion barrier thickness
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20
Name the clinical signs of a pleural space or thoracic lesion. (at least 3)