When individuals with the extreme allele expressions are favored in an environment, what type of natural selection is this? Explain.
Directional or disruptive selection.
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15
There is a population of beetles found in a specific deciduous forest. A few of these beetles end up in a different deciduous forest and are able to reproduce. This causes the frequencies of alleles to change. What effect is this?
Genetic Drift - Founder Effect
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15
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
Genotype - genetic code through alleles that code for trait. Phenotype - describing a trait we can sometimes see physically.
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25
What is the similarities between allopatric and sympatric speciation. What is the difference?
Both involve the creation of new species. Allopatric - geological barriers, Sympatric - issues with cell division or mutations.
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25
Explain micro and macroevolution.
Micro - a small change, in one pop. Macro - a bigger scale change that leads to the creation of new species.
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20
The crossing of two species produces a fertile hybrid offspring. This hybrid goes on to produce an offspring that is weak and infertile. This is which isolation mechanism?
Hybrid breakdown - post-zygotic.
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20
Explain the founder effect and bottleneck effect.
Founder - population migrate to new isolated area. Bottleneck - rapid decrease in pop due to disaster/human activity. Both cause change in allele frequency
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20
How is convergent evolution different from coevolution?
Convergent evolution is when two different species in same environment develop similar traits, coevolution is when two different species impact eachother evolut
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15
What is gene flow?
change in allele frequency due to movement between populations
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20
What is Darwin's theory of evolution. Explain two points.
Variations exist in a pop., Cannot obtain adaptation, survival of the fittest, favorable traits survive + reproduce, time for change, descent with modification
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15
Explain homozygous and heterozygous.
Homozygous - genotype with 2 same alleles. Heterozygous - genotype with 2 different alleles.
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20
What was Jean-Baptise Lamark's theory? Explain it.
We can acquire any trait that we want depending on our environment and this trait can then be further passed on to our offspring.
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15
Humans breed cats to produce only orange cats, this is an example of?