About 1/3 of probationers return to prison due to _______ violations
Technical
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T/F: Recidivism occurs more often with mandatory release individuals than those on probation/parole
True
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What is restorative justice?
View incarceration as harmful, heal community, bring peace to the victim, treat the offender. Avoids stigmatizing the offender after their release
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Approximately how many people are on probation?
1, 2, 3, or 4 million?
4 million people are on probation
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What is the RNR model? What does it do?
Risk, needs, & responsivity- used as a way to help the offenders become better people
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Who works on the "front end" of the criminal justice system since they divert offenders away from jail & prison? In contrast, who works on the "back end" to prevent/reduce recidivism?
Probation officers - parole officers
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T/F: Generally, the more heinous and serious a crime is, the more money it will cost in order to punish the individual
True
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What is recidivism?
Re-arrest, re-conviction, returning to prison, or committing a new crime after being sanctioned previously
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What is discretionary release?
An inmate is released earlier than the end of their sentence, but they are supervised
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Who created the system of probation?
Augustus
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What is one area that often uses restorative justice?
Juvenile justice/courts
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T/F: More people are on parole than are on probation