Why are the kidneys outside the peritoneal area and packed in fat?
We don't want them to move!
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15
Why are there two urethral sphincter muscles?
The internal sphincter is automatically opened (parasympathetic) when the bladder fills up. the external sphincter is voluntary.
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15
What waste product get reabsorbed into the blood stream by passive reabsorption?
Urea and water. Urea, follows the water as it passively diffuses in the proximal tubule
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15
What might cause urine to become more alkaline, and why?
vomiting, because you are losing acid, causing the kidney to secrete a lot of H+ ions back into the blood
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25
Name 7 functions of the urinary system.
1.urine formation2.pH control3.blood pressure regulation 4. red blood cell formation5.vitamin D activation 6. transport of urine7.storage and release of urine
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15
What is a buffer system?
A mixture of acids and bases that resist changes in the pH
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20
What are the two parts of the Phosphate buffer system?Where is it found?
dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-)(weak acid) and monohydrogen phosphate (HPO42-)(weak base) It is found in the cells
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15
What is happening in the "secretion" step of urine formation? What can get secreted?
Waste products are are sent from the capillaries to the nephrons. K+ and H+
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15
What is the vasa recta?
A blood vessel in the medulla of the kidney, near the loop of henle
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15
What are the three processes for changing the pH of blood?
least effective but fast is the buffer system in the blood, ventilation depth and rate, most effective but slow is H+ secretion in the kidneys
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What are the 4 steps of Urine formation?
1. filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion 4. reabsorption of water
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15
What is erythropoiesis?
The production of red blood cells (erythro-red, poi - new)
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15
What buffer system is found in the interstitial fluid?
The bicarbonate system, - carbonic acid H2CO3, and bicarbonate HCO3+